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High-frequency noise is highly directional and is associated with short wavelengths. This means that it is easily reflected or blocked by any type of barrier. The wavelength of a 16-kHz tone, for example, is about 3/4 inch. A modest barrier, extending just 1 to 2 inches beyond the source, is generally sufficient to reflect noise of approximately the same frequency away from a nearby worker. High-frequency audible noise is also easily absorbed by many acoustical materials, such as glass fiber or foam.
Fire Away Acoustic Catalogue 2018
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What does this data set describe?Title:Archive of Chirp Subbottom Profile Data Collected in June 2018 From Fire Island, New YorkAbstract:Researchers from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a long-term, coastal morphologic-change study at Fire Island, New York, prior to and after Hurricane Sandy impacted the area in October 2012. The Fire Island Coastal System Change project ( -island/) objectives include understanding the morphologic evolution of the barrier island system on a variety of time scales (months to centuries) and resolving storm-related impacts, post-storm beach response, and recovery. From June 2-16, 2018, scientists from the USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center conducted geophysical surveys on Fire Island to characterize and quantify spatial variability in the subaerial geology with the goal of subsequently integrating onshore geology with other surf zone and nearshore datasets. This publication serves as an archive of high-resolution subbottom profile images, survey trackline map, navigation files, geographic information system (GIS) data, and formal Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. Additionally, in April 2016, geophysical and sediment sampling data were collected as part of the Fire Island project. The ground penetrating radar and vibracore datasets are available from Forde and others, 2018; Buster and others, 2018; and Bernier and others, 2018.Supplemental_Information:Chirp systems use a signal of continuously varying frequency; the system used during this survey produces high-resolution, shallow-penetration (typically less than 75-milliseconds [ms]) profile images of sub-seafloor stratigraphy. The towfish contains a transducer that transmits and receives acoustic energy and is typically towed 1-2 meters (m) below the sea's surface. As transmitted acoustic energy intersects density boundaries, such as the seafloor or sub-surface sediment layers, energy is reflected toward the transducer, received, and recorded by a PC-based seismic acquisition system. This process is repeated at regular intervals (for example, 0.125 seconds [s]) and returned energy is recorded for a specific duration (for example, 50 ms). In this way, a two-dimensional (2D) vertical image of the shallow geologic structure beneath the towfish is produced.The seismic source utilized during 2018-322-FA consisted of an EdgeTech SB-512i towfish running Discover version 4.09 acquisition software, towed by the research vessel (R/V) Sallenger, approximately 20 m behind the global positioning system (GPS) reference point. The data were acquired using a frequency sweep between 0.5 and 12 kilohertz (kHz), a 43 kHz sample frequency, and recording length was approximately 66.5 ms. Based on survey speeds of 3.5-4.5 knots, the shot spacing was approximately 0.450 m. The printable profiles provided are chirp subbottom profile images that were processed using Seismic Unix (SU) software. Survey Field Activity Collection System (FACS) and geophysical logs are also provided as supplemental information in the download file, 2018-322-FA_logs.zip.How might this data set be cited?Forde, Arnell S., DeWitt, Nancy T., Fredericks, Jake J., and Miselis, Jennifer L., 20190226, Archive of Chirp Subbottom Profile Data Collected in June 2018 From Fire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release doi:10.5066/P9Q8TVHH, U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida.Online Links:
What geographic area does the data set cover?West_Bounding_Coordinate: -73.323953East_Bounding_Coordinate: -72.858925North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.729458South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.607681What does it look like?Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?Beginning_Date: 02-Jun-2018Ending_Date: 16-Jun-2018Currentness_Reference:ground conditionWhat is the general form of this data set?Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: multimedia presentationHow does the data set represent geographic features?How are geographic features stored in the data set?This is a Point data set.
What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude.Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0197884765.Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0227336944.Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees.The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System of 1984.The ellipsoid used is WGS 1984.The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.0.The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257223563.How does the data set describe geographic features?2018-322-FA.txt, s2018-322-FA.txt, 2018-322-FA_s.txtSurvey shotpoint navigation files in ASCII text format. (Source: SEG Y headers, -stand.)UTMXUTM-X coordinate (Zone 18) (Source: Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System)Range of valuesMinimum:641742.084Maximum:680861.002Units:metersUTMYUTM-Y coordinate (Zone 18) (Source: Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate System)Range of valuesMinimum:4496740.789Maximum:4510905.548Units:metersLineTrackline number (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)The naming convention used for each subbottom line is as follows: x_env_bp, where 'x' is a 1- or 2-digit number representing a specific trackline and '_env_bp' means that the seismic data were bandpass filtered then output as envelope data files. If recording was prematurely terminated, reran for quality or acquisition problems, or exceeded the file size limit/maximum shotpoint number (as determined by the acquisition software, Discover v. 4.09) the filename was appended with sequentially increasing numbers such as .001, .002, etc.ShotShotpoint number (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)Range of valuesMinimum:1Maximum:27566LonLongitude (decimal degrees) (Source: World Geodetic System of 1984 Geographic Coordinate System)Range of valuesMinimum:-73.323953Maximum:-72.858925Units:decimal degreesLatLatitude (decimal degrees) (Source: World Geodetic System of 1984 Geographic Coordinate System)Range of valuesMinimum:40.607681Maximum:40.729458Units:decimal degreesYEARYear (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)Range of valuesMinimum:2018Maximum:2018DOY:HR:MIN:SECDay of year:hour:minute:second (Source: U.S. Geological Survey)Day of year, hour, minute and second of data acquisitionEntity_and_Attribute_Overview:Graphic image file: Printable versions of the processed subbottom profiles are available as GIF images and are included in the download file, 2018-322-FA_seisimag.zip.Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:Navigation file: Navigation files are available as ASCII text files. Provided are raw shotpoint navigation files, reprojected survey shotpoint navigation, 1,000-shot-interval locations, and start of line files. The final navigation files are provided in 2018-322-FA_nav.zip.Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:GIS file: The GIS data associated with this survey are provided as a compressed zip file, 2018-322-FA_arc.zip, which is composed of an Esri map document, shapefiles, a folder containing the processed profile images, shapefile metadata for each GIS file and a readme document. The shapefiles provided may also be viewed using other versions of Esri desktop software including their free software Explorer for ArcGIS, which is available at _and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:The entity and attribute information were generated by the individual and/or agency identified as the originator of the dataset. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information.Who produced the data set?Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)Arnell S. FordeNancy T. DeWittJake J. FredericksJennifer L. Miselis
Who also contributed to the data set?Funding and (or) support for this study was provided by the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program. The authors thank Andy Farmer of Cherokee Nation Technologies and Anastasios Stathakopoulos of the USGS for their assistance in data collection and piloting the R/V Sallenger. This document was improved by scientific and metadata reviews from Stephen Bosse and Chelsea Stalk of Cherokee Nation Technologies.To whom should users address questions about the data?Arnell S. FordeU.S. Geological SurveyGeologist600 4th Street SouthSaint Petersburg, FL 2ff7e9595c
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